Documentaire à produire sur le « Lieu» du projet pour se recadrer dans la perspective du studio « Non-lieux ».
Le but est d’analyser le « lieu» du projet à travers une démarche créative personnelle libérée des toutes contraintes. Votre documentaire doit se faire l’écho d’imageries inconscientes, donnant le ton des sous-titres traduisant l’état des « lieux ».
Cadavre Exquis est une prescription pour assemblage qui invite au jeu comme partie intégrante de la démarche, débouchant sur l’inattendu.
Commencer par un script ou une histoire pour définir méthodes et buts. Votre script devra encoder une série d’actions qui doivent se jouer pour transformer un concept spatial en une réalité. Avant de filmer vous devez penser aux idées clefs que vous aimeriez exprimer et enregistrer. Puis établissez une série d’instructions/ notes de bord à suivre.
Ancre dans votre démarche, votre film ne devient pas seulement une représentation, mais une série d’instructions pour un objet pris hors de son contexte. C’est un processus de déformation pris à l’intérieur d’une démarche itérative. C’est cette possibilité de prescription et d’invention d’une démarche cognitive induisant une réflexivité instructive qui permet la représentation d’un regard particulier.
Chaque étudiant devra employer des techniques surréalistes diverses durant le processus d’élaboration du documentaire. Dans cette démarche vous devez concevoir, produire et filmer la séquence d’une expérience spatiale. Ce « lieux » peu être agrandi, altéré, déformé, ou reconfiguré. Alors, votre documentaire n’est plus simplement une recodification mais un outil d’analyse pour interroger un « lieu» d’une façon différente.
Tenez en compte le rôle joué par le temps, la distance, information, le mouvement et la transformation. Le film engage les paramètres définis par le studio. Les données et les résultats de cet exercice peuvent être le repérage/ démarquage/empreinte amenant de l’extérieur site au film. Idem pour le casting ou le relief existant. Ils doivent apporter des informations qualitatives qui retracent la cartographie du site dans le temps et l’espace.
Le concept, la méthodologie, la fabrication et l’implémentation de votre documentaire doit être bien pensé. Considérer votre site comme un espace à sens multiples qui permet une compréhension de la relation entre le temps et de l’espace.
Quel aspect vous intéresse pour véhiculer la notion de « non-lieux » dans une relation temps/espace ?
Que souhaitez vous analyser pour révéler les aspects du site qu’il serait impossible de faire autrement et qui vous permet de gagner une nouvelle compréhension de sa définition ?
Quels en sont les aberrations ?
Quel sera le format de la présentation et comment sera-t-elle comprise par les autres ?
Requirement:
5 minutes par film pour chaque étudiant. Si vous le faites en équipe la durée sera en relation avec le nombre (X5) …..
i.e. une équipe 4 personnes doit produire un film de 20 minutes.
Surrealist Techniques:
* history positions us in time
* helps us anticipate the future
* reveals our competence
* reveals the means of resistance
* is ALWAYS a strategy
* is NEVER neutral
* has the power to sanction, censor, raise question
* there is no consensus about what history is or who it is practiced
* is today multidisciplinary and allows for intuition, empathy, memory, experience
* is no longer a grand narrative, but is multifaceted with many centers
* always remember to ask yourself, who’s history is this, who benefits
1a. CIRCULATION: A SOCIAL CONTRACT: circulation preoccupies critics of urban growth and transformation. In Haussmann’s Paris circulation was both a means of urban renovation, a means to get people into the streets (liberty and equality), a means of linking parts of the city together, and the key to privileging the faculty of vision. IT was also considered a poor apology for relentless change, global regulations, and control. REMEmber, circulation is not movement, it is a feature of movement. Circulation is the promise of public health and the failure of the promise. As a social contract, circulation is the relation between conformity and resistance, between the law and the application of the law. Benjamin believed that circulation was the creation of a distance: from past to present, tradition to contemporary life, and authentic experience to a life filled with seductive copies. He was searching for a way to rediscover a creative, responsible life that would reach beyond the political and economic goals of capitalism as they are expressed in the modern metropolis.
2. To go beyond the coercive symmetry of spatial form = spatial praxis:
* look for the fissures in history
* expose the openings and points of stress
* provide a different logic
* consider acts of detournement
* enliven our understanding of physical space
* consider qualities of life that we don’t master
* look for Foucault’s “animal spaces” that alter the terrain of history
* be sensitive to the small gestures in the tissue of everyday life that defy power
* consider how space is moved through, negotiated, and transformed by behavior
3. How to do this, a short list of possibilities -- just the beginning:
* UTOPIA/Eutopus (Good Place): Louis Marin: a threshold/neutral space in which opposing conditions of society coexist. This is the space BETWEEN the past/present; liberty/authority; mobility/dislocation; origins/modernity; memory/forgetting; ..... In this space of neutrality the problem and the resolution occupy the same territory
* COUNTERSPACES: Henri Lefebvre: A counterspace is not the space created by urban planners and engineers. Look to our bodies and the body’s rhythms. Consider how the the body creates connections, flows, intensities, processes, speeds. The body is like no other reality; it has an amplitude that cannot be controlled. The body produces the space it occupies, and sets unpredictable rhythms in motion that overthrow traditional spatial praxis
* WALKING: Michel de Certeau: views the practice of everyday life as the experience of surfaces, energies, links, processes that issue from unprecedented networks; we adapt the environment to our needs. Walking allows for surprises, errors, strange trajectories; it allows up to appropriate space for the moment; is an opportunity for personal resistance; transforms the city; experiments with space; modulates the environment; allows for drifts; creates liberty; produces fictions; and is when we become other than ourselves
* ALLEGORY, A POSTMODERN PERSPECTIVE: Paul de Man and Craig Owens, allegory as a counterspace that resists regulations, exaggerates discontinuity, is always ambiguous. For Owens, public space could be allegorical when it is governed by 1. appropriation 2. site specificity 3. accumulation and may feature impermanence or hybridity. Think about how these qualities of space can influence your understanding of the
non-lieu
* REFLECTION: For Benjamin: the physical space of the city reflects the economic space of capitalism. Benjamin wanted to restore true reflection to collective life. For him, the term describes the distance from day dreaming to self-awareness. Reflection would allow an individual to overcome the distractions and stimulation of consumer life, to be redeemed as an individual. In philosophical thought, Reflection is the capacity to put ourselves at a distance and consider ourselves as the object of inquiry. IN POSTMODERN THOUGHT: For Derrida Reflection is the space of difference, a distance where one idea or concept begins and the other ends. For Derrida, this is NOT a neutral space (as it is for Marin), but a complex interval with specific properties. What happens when we move from one concept to the next--for example, from the lieu to a non-lieu and visa versa. For Derrida this space is never one or the other. There is always overlap and excess. There are no pure concepts. Derrida wants to know what happens in this moment of reflection that leads from one idea to its opposite/to another: From city to body; presence/absence/; insight/domination. How can his understanding of reflection help you consider the non-lieu?
If you do it as a team, the length of the movie will increase accordingly.
i.e. 4 persons team should submit a 20 minutes movie.
Surrealist Techniques:
LA FILMS:
BLADE RUNNER, 1982
TERMINATOR, 1984
DIE HARD, 1988
THE PLAYER, 1992
LA CONFIDENTIAL, 1997
THE END OF VIOLENCE, 1997
CRASH, 2005 (COLLISION)
LE DERNIERE METRO
BREATHLESS
AMELIE POULIN
PARIS, JE T’AIME
CHANSONS D’AMOUR
2 JOURS A PARIS
PARIS (KLAPTISCHE)
LA HAINE
L’ESQUIVE
PETITE JERUSALEM
Non-Lieux Films:
Playtime
Flight Club
Lost in Translation
Sans soleil
La Jetee
1. L'ECHANGEUR DE BERCY (PERIPHERIQUE AVEC LE BOULEVARD PONIATOFSKI)
2. PORTE DE PARIS EN ETUDIANT LA RELATION ENTRE VILLE INTRA-MUROS, PERIPHERIQUE ET BANLIEUE .
a. (PORTE DE LA CHAPELLE /BOULEVARD PERIPHERIQUE AUTOROUTE E19)
b. (PORTE DE CLIGNACOURT)
c. (PORTE DES LILAS)
3. UN PROJECT EN BANLIEUE.... (DEFINITION DU LIEU "BAN-LIEU")
4. UN PROJET SUTURE ENTRE PLUSIEURS MILIEUX DE CONTEXTES DIFFERENTS.......(AUTOROUTES, URBANITE, PERIURBANITE ....)
5. SUJET CHOISI PAR L"ETUDIANT.
6. FILM MONTAGE SUR NON- LIEUX (1 equippe max)
7. Courneuve - (website: monte.laster.com under the project name Abondance II)
Une lecture récente.Week 1 WHY
March 5
Week 2
March 12 Research Methods: What is history and how does it work?
Week 3
March 19 Research Methods: Analyzing and Interpreting Archival Materials
Week 4
March 26
Week 5 WORKSHOPS--NO MEETING
April 2
Week 6
April 9
Week 7
April 16
Week 8
April 23 Research Methods: the optic of microstudies—deterioration and revitalization
Week 9
April 30 Research Methods: the optic of macrostudies—simulation and replication
Week 10 PRELIMINARY PROJECT REVIEW
May 7
Week 11
May 14
Week 12
May 21
Week 13 The Longue Durée: The
May 28 Research Methods: analytic for the
Week 14 BREAK BEFORE Final Studio Projects
June 4
Week 15 FINAL STUDIO PROJECTS
June 13/14
Metropolis to Megalopolis
Aristotle: People gather in cities first for security, remain for economic opportunity, ultimately stay for ‘the good life(style)’
Ford: “We shall solve the problems of the city by leaving the city” In Fordist economy, the city was the place of labor, industry; in the Post-Fordist economy, it has become the place of information, exchange, and the good life(style)--
Themes/
Megalopolis: City of the 21st Century--Region supersedes City
Consumption/Connectivity supersede Labor/Community
Benjamin on desire, commodity, and shopping place (shop, magazin, arcade, department store) (Arcades Project, 1927-40)
Debord’s theory of the dérive and the reimagining of the city (Theory of the Dérive, 1958)
Baudrillard on the strange mixture of fantasy and desire that is unique to late 20c culture and the city (Consumer Society, 1970)
Koolhaas on New York as the birthplace of the technology of the fantastic (Delirious New York, 1978)
Koolhaas on shopping culture (forthcoming)
Koolhaas on Vegas Guggenheim/Hermitage/Venetian (forthcoming)
definitions
role of polis: society, politics, and consumption [desire becomes duty]
role of urbs: accommodating ever-changing activities and desires spatially
merging of polis and urbs in contemporary city
21c City
historical contextualization
ancient polis and u rbs/medieval town/12-18c city/19c metropolis/20c suburb, megalopolis, megacity/21c aeropolis confusions Los Angeles as ‘non-city’ and New York as artificial centrality, sheer ecstacy of being crowded together, congestion city disappearing into multicentered region/administrative, commercial, entertainment cneters replace cities?
21c model: infinitely expanding metropolitan region replaces autonomous city
regional governance
regional infrastructure
regional resources
regional collaboration
regional culture
regional economy
regional politics
regional environmental concerns
endless sprawl or strategy to stablize edge and re-stablize center
limitations on growth
preservation of wild or uncultivated tracts of land
revitalization of inner city cores or old downtowns, regional centers
emphasis on movement and transportation, global connectivity, consumption of goods and information
typologies
megalopolis
megacities (8,000,000 population or more, defined in 1994)
giant cities
metropoli
midopolises (first-ring suburbs) (Kotkin)
nerdistans (Kotkin)
technoburbs
aeropoli (Kasarda)
administrative centers/capital cities
capitals of information (Krieger, 47): incubators and exporters of innovation
convention cities
museum cities--ancestor, Alexandria
sports cities--ancestor, Olympia
shopping cities (aeropoli)--ancestor, trade cities of ancient Near East
entertainment/leisure cities
retirement cities
economies (social, political, economic)
human infrastructure (labor force, intellectual capital, consumer force)
economies of difference: race, ethnicity
economies of class (balkanization, privitization of infrastructure and municipal services)
economy of object versus economy of commodity or product--status of commodities
[what Walter Benjamin wrote about the work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction Baudrillard applied to all reaches of everyday life]
lifestyle
art/architecture
profession
communication
social relations
political realm
city
country
economies of the sign: advertising, marketing, branding
local markets
global markets
retail industry at all levels: cultivating consumption practices
fulfillment logistics
economy of scarcity vis a vis urban context (suburbs are in big supply; city centers dwindling)
economy of place
economy of connectivity
economies of public and private
infrastructures that have defined urban forms through history
alphabet and writing
ancient land and sea trade/travel routes
ancient Roman roads
seaport and harbor systems
river and canal systems
printing
rail systems
telecommunication systems
automobile, truck, and highway and freeway systmes
air travel and cargo systems
electronic, digital, and satellite imaging and information systems
geographies
center/periphery/region distinctions
cores
downtowns
main streets
concentric rings versus gridded urban fabric
horizontal/vertical distinctions
postindustrial landscape (brownfields)
target of sprawl (untouched natural landscape)
deteriorated urban core (infill and revitalization/redevelopment)
deteriorated first-ring suburbs (reinvestment, connectivity, zoning for mixed use)
monotonous, homogenous, banalized suburbs losing appeal to social imagination
scales
macro
micro
autonomous municipal
metropolitan/county
regional
state
national
global
densities (versus congestion)
high and low density distinctions need reversing as city centers have emptied out
densities vary with 9 to 5, weekend, night schedules
population
industry (productive and consumptive)
information (from invisible electronic communication to “visual inflation” of commercial advertising)
strategies for mediation
positive scenarios
positive imaging/branding
rethinking housing
rethinking office/corporate headquarters
rethinking third space (club environment)
reducing economic segregation (racial automatically takes care of itself?)
defining the nature of ‘urbanity’ (how to live in cities)
role of architecture (connectivity as formal problem)
tectonic shifts (in technology and information) have created new urban forms from earlier ones
Athens/polis
Megalopolis/giant city (defensive purpose, centripetal; transportation infrastructure)
Rome/urbs and capital of empire (roads, sea routes)
Paris/metropolis and capital of nation state (railroad systems)
New York/20c modernist city, ‘manhattanism’, vertical city (density, congestion, connectivity)
Mexico City/postmodern megacity and capital of country (Shanghai, Dhaka) (scale)
Hong Kong/generic city; global city (scale)
Los Angeles/capital of megalopolis of so california, horizontality (highways/freeways/airports)
Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)/aeropolis/triport/information technology center of Asia
psychometropolis (Vidler reading)
psyscho-mechanical urbanism (Rem, Delirious, 62)
typologies: forms of suburbanism
Baudelaire’s ‘banlieue’ or suburb
Apollinaire’s ‘zone’ and ‘zonier’, place and inhabitants of unbuilt ground at periphery
sub-urbanism (consumer driven)
extra-urbanism (lifestyle driven)
post-sub-urbanism (lifestyle driven)
technoburb (technology and economy driven)
development of the San Fernando Valley
incorporated into city of Los Angeles, 1915 (doubling size of city, 168 sq mi, 24 mile triangle)
first seen in 1769 by Fr. Juan Crespi
mission San Fernando Rey de Espana founded in 1797
Rancho San Rafael in 1784
Rancho Encino in 1795
Isaias Wolf Hellman, founded Farmers & Merchants bank in 1871
Isaac Lankershim, John B. Lankershim, I.N. Van Nuys cultivated wheat in last quarter of 19c
Pacific Electric Rail introduced in 1903
Los Angeles Aquaduct brought water to truck farmers in 1913
population doubled between 1930 and 1940, explosive growth after WWII
in 1970, if it were an independent city, would have been 6th largest in the nation!!
nature/culture dichotomy
nature/culture/2nd nature
real/simulation/simulacrum
center(s)/edge/periphery
near order (small grid)/far order (big grid)
congestion, density, thickness/thinness
home/office/third space
city as work/oeuvre, mediation between occupants and nature/culture (materialization of the abstract)
city creates and demands new forms of representation
prodution of cultural significance (polis)
physical fabric of city (urbs) (design guidelines)
memory/monuments versus forgetting/erasure and demolition
historical monuments versus infrastructural and architectural monuments
erasure of production versus production of pleasure (sign of need to escape and its impossibility)
Coney Island and Disneyland/Vegas as fetal NY and LA
multiple synthetic realities compensate for disappearance of real city
cultivation of edge as edge (waterfront, desert)
balkanization, race and class, surveillance and security
individual forms, symmetrical but counter
not disappearance, erasure, rupture, but eclipse (repression), survival, transformation
research methods
sources:
historical documentation
photo archives
clippings files
primary and secondary texts (theory, history, interpretation)
social imaginary
fiction
film
television
research paradigms:
urban archaeology origins, transformations, overlaps (myth and memory)(Benjamin, Klein)
diagramming, mapping of topography, geography, architecture, infrastructure, scale (Gottman, Koolhaas)
environmental, sustainabililty studies (McPhee)
ethnologic studies, urban social conditions (of memory, soliltude, difference, crowding) (Davis)
structural and poststructural analysis, forms of signification, spectacle (Lefebvre, Banham, Venturi, Lyotard, Vidler)
dérive: disorientation to reimagine the city, exploration to remap the city (Situationists, Guy Debord)
technological, infrastructural, economic studies/globalization trends (Koolhaas, Olalquiaga, Kotkin et alia)
